And Then There Were Three - 2237 Words

And Then There Were Three From author to appearance, purpose to publisher, the creation of the Lyrical Ballads was far from simple. Though the blank-verse Tintern Abbey is one of the â€Å"other poems† hidden in the back of just one edition of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s ballads, the pastoral ode best represents the Wordsworthian anxiety that casts a shadow over the entire, complex publication of the Lyrical Ballads. Tintern Abbey was not meant to be a part of the Lyrical Ballads, but was added at the last minute, when the poems were already in the printing press (Moorman). Though hasty and not quite fitting, Wordsworth’s final addition to the first volume of the Lyrical Ballads became its most illustrious†¦show more content†¦Cottle returned to Bristol with The Rime of the Ancient Mariner in hand, as well as an agreed upon title for the whole collection, the Lyrical Ballads. After Cottle left, Coleridge wrote him a letter further explaining the mission of the Lyrical Ballads: We deem that the volumes offered to you are to a certain degree one work, in kind tho’ not in degree, as an Ode is one work- that our different poems are as stanzas, good relatively rather than absolutely:-Mark you, I say in kind tho’ not in degree.—(cited by Jordan) The Lyrical Ballads gained a specific and radical purpose that Wordsworth and Coleridge would have to defend. Thus, Wordsworth began to show deep concern for his hard work and its revolutionary mission. The primary poet often visited Bristol over the next few months to oversee the production of the poems (Rannie). As the purpose of the work specified, so did the appearance. Coleridge also demanded, with Wordsworth’s support, that there be â€Å"18 lines per page† and â€Å"the lines closely printed† (cited by Jordan). So, Wordsworth made sure that these details, along with the arrangement of the ballads, were in concert with his and Coleridge’s wishes. Wordsworth made his last visit to Bristol before the poems went to the press on July 2, after packing up his belongings from Alfoxden and dropping them off with the Coleridges in Nether Stowey. On the tenth of July, rather than find a place to stay for a few days, William andShow MoreRelatedThe Three Revolutions: What Were They Fighting For?998 Words   |  4 PagesRevolutions have one common denominator, freedom. This freedom to express independent values and rules led to the movement for self-rule politically, economically, and socially. Within this paper, it will be shown who, what, where, why and how the three revolutions evolved, and how they effected the world. The American Revolution lasted from 1775-1783 and slated thirteen British colonies in North America against Great Britain. 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Understanding of how Linux was originated Free Essays

INTRODUDCTION Linux, the flagship of open source software (OOS) (Applewhite, 2003), has been reported to be the significant force that has strengthened some developing countries in the technology map.(Wilburn 1997; UNCTAD 2002). It is said to be the backbone for accelerating the growth of low income countries’ IT industries and it intend to increase their tendency to innovate. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding of how Linux was originated or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main aim of this paper is to gain an understanding of how Linux was originated. How it diffused from the innovator to its current position on the S curve. We attempt to achieve this by assessing its market share and the circumstances that lead to its success. ABSTRACT Linux is an operating system that originated from Unix operating system. This paper analyzes how it came about, how it was developed and diffused. It also emphasizes on the position of the innovation on the S curve, how successful the product was, its effects on the market and on the society. UNIX In order to understand the popularity of Linux, we need to travel back to 30years ago when computer use to be as big as a rock or a football stadium. While the size of those computers was a problem, one thing made it even worse. Every computer has to run on a specific operating system. Being able to work with one system does not guarantee you could work with another. Therefore, it was difficult both for the users and the system administrators. Technologically the world was not that advanced, so they had to cope with the size of the computer for another decade. In 1969, a team of developers in Bell Lab laboratories started working on solution to software problems and they developed new operating system which was (Machtelt Garrrels, 2008) simple and elegant Written in the C programming language instead of in assembly code Able to recycle code. The Bell Labs developers named their project â€Å"UNIX†. The code recycling features were important. Until then, all computers were written on a special code developed for one system. Unix on the other hand needed only a small part of that special code, which is now commonly named the Kernel. (Machtelt Garrels, 2008). The operating system and all other functions were built around this kernel and written in a higher programming language, C. This language was specifically created for the UNIX system. Using this technique, it was easier to develop an operating system that run on many different type of hardware. LINUS AND LINUX By the beginning of the 90s home PC were powerful to run on full blown UNIX (M. Tim Jones, 2005) Linus Torvalds, a computer science student at the University of Helsinki in Finland thought it would be a nice idea to have a sort of freely available academic version of UNIX, and so, he started to code. He started by developing device drivers and hard-drive access, and by September he had a basic design he called Version 0.01 (Ramesh Bangia at el, 2007). This Kernel which is called Linux was combined with the GNU system to produce a complete free operating system. Torvalds released an open source code for linux, which allow anyone to access and modify the source code at no cost (Sander Van Vugt, 2009). As a result, anyone who has the knowledge of linux can modify and change the system. Linux became most popular operating system because of its free source distribution and compatibility with other hardwares (Vijay Shekhar, 2006). How Linux was developed (Nicholas Wells, 2003) On January 5, 1992, Linux Version 0.12 was released, an improved, stable kernel. Then another Version 0.95 was released to reflect the fact that it was becoming the full-featured system. After that, Linux became an underground fact with a growing group of distributed programmers that develop and enhance the source code baseline to this day. Torvalds released Version 0.11 under a freeware license of his own plan, but then released Version 0.12 under the well established GNU General Public License and more software was created for Linux over the next couple of years (Richard L. Petersen, 2005). Linux continued to improve in the 90s and started to be used in large-scale application like networking, database serving and proving ready for production use (Richard Petersen, 2008). Version 2.2 which is a major update of Linux Kernel was released in 1999. In 2000, most computer companies supported Linux in one way or the other, recognizing a common standard that could finally reunify the fractured world of the Unix wars (Micheal H. Jang, 2003). The next major release was Version 2.4 in January 2001, which provides compatibility with upcoming generations of Intel’s 64-Bit Itanium processor computers (Micheal H. Jang, 2006). How Linux was diffused. The diffusion of an innovation is seen as a social process where the innovative idea or product is adopted as a result of the existence of different types of adopter categories (Owen, 1991). Sheth (1998) posited that the fundamental factors that, which influence the propensity to resist or adopt an innovation, are, the perceived risks associated with adopting the innovation, and the level of habit change in adopting the innovation. In reviewing the diffusion of Linux, diffusion occurred when the perceived financial and performance risks, and the changes in habit that were required to use the product were apparently low and free to a large population of consumers. Linux has a very low total cost of ownership (TCO). A survey conducted in the U.S., Brazil, France, Germany, Sweden and Japan, for instance indicated that 50% of the respondents perceived Linux having a lower TCO (N Kshetri, 2005) Consider the initial investment. The price of Microsoft’s entry-level operating system was ?50 in 2002. Taking ?300 as the average price of a PC, it amounts to 15% of the total cost of a PC. Linux, on the other hand can be freely downloaded or purchased with a nominal distribution fee. Linux’s cost saving potential is more appealing to users from developing countries. PCs with Linux as the operating system are, more attractive in developing countries. For instance, LG Electronics, the South Korean multinational sells Linux-based desktop in India at prices lower than brands using commercial operating systems (N Kshetri, 2005). Linux was easily diffused from the stage of innovators through the segments that eventually make up the majority of adopters because of its free and open source operating system. Users and developers of Linux can easily access and modify the source code at no cost. Another key factor that accelerates the diffusion of Linux is its ability to run on old machines. (Gray 2000) Linux can even run on 486 chips machine unlike Microsoft Windows XP Professional that requires a minimum of 233 MHz processor and 64 MB of RAM. This advantage of Linux is more important for users in developing countries. In many cities and regions, local associations known as the Linux User Groups (LUGs) helps to diffuse this free software. They hold meetings and provide free demonstrations, training, technical support and operating system installation to new users. (Erricos John, et al 2002) stated that the adoption of Linux was due to the social network composed of innovators, early adopters, early majority†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦and diffusion in this case could be social backbone that lowers the risk of using this innovation. The rate of diffusion has risen from the innovators to the late majority as shown in the diffusion curve. (See fig 1). Where the Original funding did came from? After the release of Linux by Linus Torvalds, the source code was made available on the internet for anyone who wants to develop the software. The innovator neither forms a spin out company nor sells the idea. The source code was made available on the internet and developers started developing new versions of Linux. What happened about the IPRWas the innovation patented? Linux was developed as a cooperative Open Source effort over the internet. So no company or institution has control over it. Most Linux software is developed as Open Source software. This means that the source code is freely distributed along with the application (Richard Petersen, 2007). Programmers over the internet contribute to a software package development by modifying and correcting the source code. Linux is an open source operating system. Its source code is included in all distribution and is freely available on the internet (Aries Technology Inc, 2003-2007). There are other major software projects that are open source, for instance KDE and GNOME. The Netscape Communicator Web browser package has also become open source, with its source code freely available on internet (Neil Smyth, 2010). Open source software is protected by public licenses. These prevent commercial companies from taking control of open source software by adding a few modifications, copyrighting those changes and selling the software as their own product. The most popular public license is the GNU General Public License provided by the free software foundation. This is the license that Linux is distributed under (Dr Mukesh Dhunna et al, 2010). The GNU General Public License retains the copyright, freely licensing the software with the note that the software and modification made to it will always be freely available. However, there are other public license created to support different kinds of open source projects, for instance the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) lets commercial application uses GNU licensed software libraries. Linux is currently copyrighted under the GNU public license provided by the free software foundation, and it is often referred to as GNU software. GNU software is distributed free, provided it is freely distributed to others. Why is Linux Successful? Linus operating system for servers and PCs has really gained ground. It is now pushed by big firms such as IBM, Intel, HP, and Dell and is used by large companies like DaimlerChrysler and Morgan Stanley. It open architecture makes it compatible to run on any computer architecture: in the hand-held ARM-based iPAQ and the mainframe IBM system z9, system z10, in devices ranging from mobile phones to supercomputers (Graham Glass et al, 2005). The cost of production is relatively low, because it can be downloaded off the web for free. Because the source code is widely available on the net, developers all around the world can contribute freely on any development or improvement of the programme. This represents an investment in time and people than ever a cash-flush giant as Microsoft cannot match. Linux operating system is highly reliable and secured which makes it difficult for worms to attack (http://www.desktoplinux.com/news/NS6909870737.html ) However, the real success for Linux came from its backing from the major computer manufacturers, who want to use it as a competitive tool against Microsoft (Eric Viardot, 2004 ). For instance, Linux got a big boost when Intel unfastened its close association with Microsoft and started producing chips for Linux. Such backing is seen as a commitment to the long-term of this operating software by major corporations, which desperately needed freedom from the Microsoft monopoly. Effects of Linux on the Market The Linux market is growing rapidly, and the revenue of servers, desktops and packaged software running Linux was expected to go beyond ?22.2 billion in 2008. A report from IDC’s Q1 2007 financial report shows that Linux held a total of 12.7% of the overall sever market at that time (IDC Q1 2007 report). However, this estimate is based on the number of servers sold by various companies, and did not include server hardware purchased separately which had Linux installed on it later. In September 2008, Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer acknowledged that 60% of web servers run Linux versus 40% that run windows server (Nicholai James, 2008). Primarily based on web server statistics, most companies estimated that the market share of Linux range from less than 1% to 4.8%. In comparison, Microsoft operating system hold more than 85% (Beer Stan, 2007). The emerge of Linux did not kill its competitors (Microsoft, Mac Operating System) rather it encourages innovation in the technological industry. â€Å"In the second half of 2003, linux sales in the Chinese PC market exceed 800,000 copies. Similarly, in November 2003, Sun announced a deal to sell 200 million copies of Linux-based Java desktop to the Chinese government to be use throughout the country. China’s Linux market grew by 27.1% in 2005 and the Chinese research IT firm predicted an annual growth rate of 49.3% from 2005-2009 for the Chinese Linux server software market† (N Kshetri, 2007). Linux has also made huge success in the film industry. Titanic was the first major film produced on Linux server in 1997. Since then, major studios including Dreamworks Animation, Pixar, Weta Digital, and Industrial Light Magic have migrated to Linux. According to the Linux Movies Group, more than 95% of the servers and desktops at large animation and visual effects companies use Linux (http://www.linuxmovies.org/). The Effect of Linux on the Society. Linux created a lasting impact in the technological industries. Linux has been the primary source of technological innovations originated for and used in developing countries (N Kshetri, 2007). For instance, Encore software of India has design a handheld internet appliance, Simputer, based on Linux. At a cost of below ?150, Simputer provides internet and email access in local languages; micro banking applications; speech recognition and text-to-speech conversion. Computador Popular (Popular Computers) in Brazil that costs less than ?200 runs Linux. Computador is an internet appliance without a floppy or a hard disk and features many attributes in a moderately-price PC (N Kshetri, 2007). Consumers can also buy inexpensive hard disk and other accessories. Due to its low cost of ownership and open source operating system available, it has help users mostly in the developing countries to lay hand on a computer of their own and create room for developers to be more creative. Conclusion The development of Linux came at the right time. The innovation resulted from a need pull. Before the invention of Linux operating system, every computer runs on separate operating system which makes it very difficult for developers because they had to write different programs for different operating system. Linus Torvalds wrote the source code for Linux and made it available on the web. The operating system is registered under GNU which made it possible for anyone to improve on it. The low cost of ownership and open source operating system accelerates the diffusion of the innovation. However, due to its availability to run on any other operating system (new/old), it dominated the market share of the technological industries. From my point of view, Linux is highly dominated in Asia and Africa because of its low cost. ABSTRACT Linux is an operating system that originated from Unix operating system. This paper analyzes how it came about, how it was developed and diffused. It also emphasizes on the position of the innovation on the S curve, how successful the product was, its effects on the market and on the society. INTRODUDCTION Linux, the flagship of open source software (OOS) (Applewhite, 2003), has been reported to be the significant force that has strengthened some developing countries in the technology map.(Wilburn 1997; UNCTAD 2002). It is said to be the backbone for accelerating the growth of low income countries’ IT industries and it intend to increase their tendency to innovate. The main aim of this paper is to gain an understanding of how Linux was originated. How it diffused from the innovator to its current position on the S curve. We attempt to achieve this by assessing its market share and the circumstances that lead to its success. REFERENCES 1Machtelt Garrels, 2008. Introduction to Linux, A Hands on Guide. 2M.Tim Jones, 2005. GNU/Linux application Programming. 3Ramesh Bangia, Balvir Singh, Ramesh Bangia, 2007. Operating System and Software Diagnostics. 4Sander Van Vugt, 2009. Beginning the Linux Command Line. 5Vijay Shekhar, 2006. Red Hat Linux- The Complete Bible. 6Nicholas Wells, 2003. Guide to Linux installation and administration. 7Richard L. Petersen, 2005. Red Hat Enterprise Linux Fedora Core 4 8Richard L. Petersen, 2008. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5: Administration Security Desktop. 9Micheal H. Jang, 2003. Mastering Red Hat Linux 9. 10 N Kshetri, 2005. Diffusion Pattern of Linux: An Assessment on Major Technology Dimensions 11 Gray F. Douglas, 2000. ‘Low Cost Gives Linux Appeal, Say Supporters at Comdex’, IDG News Service, November 13, http://www.idg.net/idgns/2000/11/13/COMDEXLowCostGivesLinux.shtml 12 Erricos John Kontoghiorghes, Stavros Siokos, 2002. Computational method in decision-making, economics and finance. 13 Aries Technology Inc, 2003-2007. Aries Linux Essentials. 14 Neil Smyth, 2010. Ubuntu 10.10 Essentials. 15 N Kshetri, 2007. Increasing Returns and the Diffusion of Linux in China. 16 Dr Mukesh Dhunna, J. B. Dixit, 2010. Information Technology in Business Management. 17 Graham Glass, King Ables, 2005. Linux for Programmers and Users. 18 Erick Viardot, 2004. Successful Marketing Strategy for high-tech firms, Volume 5. 19 IDC Q1 2007 report. Linux-watch.com2007-05-2009 20 Nicholai James, 2008. Ballmer Still Searching for an Answer to Google. http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/151568/ballmer_still_searching_for_an_answer_to_google.html 21 Beer Stan, 2007. Vista to play second fiddle to Xp until 2009 22 http://www.linuxmovies.org/ How to cite Understanding of how Linux was originated, Essay examples

Effects of Job Stress on Job Satisfaction-Free-Samples for Students

Question: What are the effects of this Job Stress, in particular, on Job Satisfaction? And how can these effects be prevented? Answer: Introduction This essay focuses on the effect of work intensification and an analysis of how job stress relates to job satisfaction. In addition, remedies are provided regarding how the effects of job stress can be prevented. Basing on the modern world, the innovative technology, consumer demands and the extension in the market for competitors experience a continuous growth (Li, Hu, Zhou, He, Fan, Liu, Zhang, Li and Sun, 2014 pp.10). For this reason, several institutions shift their content constantly and they get deeper to work for the development of the organization. If the organizations wish to succeed, the employees are required to be flexible and adaptable to the rapid changes experienced in the working environment (Hoboubi, Choobineh, Ghanavati, Keshavarzi and Hosseini, 2017 pp.68). The issue resulted in an intensification of work and heavy workload which slowly leads to job stress, and affects the employees job satisfaction. Discussion Job stress refers to the destructive emotions and the physical responses which are associated with the job qualifications, for instance, if there lack a match of the individual abilities, the employees needs, or the resources. Job stress results from injuries as well as poor health. On the other hand, job satisfaction can be defined in various diverse ways. Some individuals perceive that job satisfaction is the content that an individual has in regard to their work (Taylor,2017, (n.d)). In simple words, if they like their job, the facets associated with the job as well as the individual factors which include supervision or the nature of the job. Zablah, Carlson, Donavan, Maxham III, and Brown, 2016 outlines the cause of job satisfaction. For instance, for an employee to be satisfied they must be fit for the job in terms of qualifications, environment, and salary demands. In case the personality traits of an individual do not fit the job or organization they are prone to experience job stress (Zablah, Carlson, Donavan, Maxham III, and Brown, 2016 pp.743). Also, if there is misguide regarding the individual perceptions about a certain job they are prone to experience job stress as well. There individuals should minimize the overload of emotional labor to avoid job stress and acquire job satisfaction. The job stress and job satisfaction are related. From the theoretical perspective, the theory of person-environment indicates that stress occurs due to the individual fit or rather misfit with the surrounding. For instance, an individual may experience stress when trying to cope and also induce their defense mechanisms at work (Burchell, Hudson, Ladipo, Mankelow Nolan,1999, (n.d)). Various studies have been conducted which reveals that job stress correlates to the job satisfaction hence the productivity levels of the employees are impacted. Job stress matters to the stakeholders, employees, and to the managers of the institutions. It is a difficult term which has various definitions, and its effects on job satisfaction can be explored using various theoretical models. The cognitive theory focuses on stress, coping with job stress, and it views stress as the friction which arises between an employee and their working environment. The cognitive theory provides resources as significant factors in the organization which may cause job stress (Bemana, Moradi, Ghasemi, Taghavi and Ghayoor, 2013 pp.235). The theory suggests that if the needs of the employees are more than the available resources, then stress is bound to occur. The affective job satisfaction is defined as the individual emotional view about the entire task. The demand-control model developed by Karasek assumes that psychological strain is an effect of job stress which impacts job satisfaction. Clearly, there a is psychological strain which impacts the decision-m aking of an employee. The model of the effort-reward imbalance indicates that stress may arise if there is a mismatch between the employees high commitment and low rewards (Yaacob and Long, 2015. Pp.81). The low rewards may include low salaries, no promotion, and no recognition at workplace. For this reason, employees may lack the motivation to work harder in fear that they will not be rewarded. Other factors that are associated with job stress are workload, disturbances in the working environment, career development, and the role of conflicts. Clearly, the employees determine the production level of every organization (Usman, Akbar and Ramzan, 2013 pp.71). The organization may still have low productivity levels regardless of high capital, or latest technology in the organization if the employees are not satisfied. Therefore, due to job stress, the employees have a low intellectual happiness which is followed by poor health (Bakker and Demerouti, 2014 pp.10). At the same time, the j ob stress encourages absenteeism of employee with no good reasons. Various scholars confirm that the turnover rate of institutions is determined by the employee satisfaction and the levels of job stress. Job stress may affect the events and the purposes of various institutions. This is because the job pressures may impact the employees performance as outlined in this paper. Disagreements may arise in the case of job stress hence conflicts occur. Employees realize they have dragged in various events and they struggle to position themselves to understand the role of conflict in the organization. Also, conflicts occur as the employees want to achieve satisfaction but the job stress causes challenging demands which do not match from one employee to the other. Employees encounter stress through competition, mass retrenchment, uncertainty about the future outlook of the organization, and due to the advances in the technology (Allisey, Noblet, Lamontagne and Houdmont, 2014 pp.755). Employees have to cope with the competitive nature and therefore they spend time struggling with the job obligations hence negative effects are experienced in their personal, social and domestic life. Therefore, the employees develop physical and mental health issues due to the dissatisfaction at the workplace (Fila, Paik, Griffeth and Allen, 2014 pp.642). At the same time, the employees may impact the customers if they experience job stress. This is because the employees will lower the quality of their services to the customers hence customer satisfaction reduces. Therefore, the employers need to recognize the stressors in the organization that causes the outlined negative impacts to the organization. If the job stress decreases, the employees and the customers will be satisfied hence the organization will benefit in terms of productivity. There are various ways in which the effects of job stress may be prevented, especially on job satisfaction. First, the organizations should do several things to help the employees cope with technological advances hence minimize the job stress. Organizations should create the focus groups for the employees. The organizations will create the groups by selecting random staff from the departments where they are given an opportunity to express their experiences as well as opinions concerning the institution. Training should be provided concerning the new structures and advances in technologies to minimize their resistance to changes and increase their competence (Charoensukmongkol, 2014 pp.345). The managers should ensure that the changes are implemented chronologically. The chronological approach is also called the step by step method where employees are exposed to problems slowly hence the managers have ample time to provide solutions to the problems before the systems are implemented i n the organization. The employees should ignore the poor habits which facilitate to job stress. They can resist perfectionism by setting the realistic goals where they can perform best. They may also find humor in various situations to overcome job stress. Employees should be proactive basing on the duties by presenting their concern to the employers (Cicolini, Comparcini and Simonetti, 2014 pp.860). At the same time, employees should organize as well as prioritize their job by managing their time well hence reduce the job stress. Also, employees need to take leaves and enhance good relationships with others to minimize conflicts within the institutions. In case of poor health, employees should exercise and take a balanced diet to reduce job stress. On the other hand, the managers should do various things to increase the job satisfaction for the employees and minimize the job stress. First, the managers should consult their employees before implementing several processes within the organization. This provides opportunities for the employees to take part in decision-making and also the conflicts are managed positively. The managers should clarify the expectations within the institutions. This step can be achieved by sharing the information with the staff to minimize the uncertainty levels. They may also define the goals, roles as well as responsibilities for the employees. Finally, they may issue incentives and rewards as a way of recognizing their employees. This step can be achieved if the managers respect the staff, offer good salaries, and praise the good performance. In addition, the managers should exercise fair deals with the employees to enhance their satisfaction. Conclusion In conclusion, this essay explores the effects of job stress on job satisfaction and the preventive measures which can be offered. Job stress determines the levels of motivation of the employees in the organizations. Job stress may have a great impact even to the community due to the low productivity of the organization. The career development, the role of conflict, absenteeism, low productivity, low reward, workload, and disturbances in the working environment are the significant effects of jobs stress as outlined in this essay. Therefore, the employees and the managers are obliged to offer preventive measures to minimize job stress and enhance job satisfaction. Various theories and models such as the cognitive theory, person-environment theory, demand-control model, and the model of the effort-reward imbalance have been used in the essay to explain the relationship which exists between job stress and job satisfaction. The recommendations are that employers and employees should iden tify the factors of optimization which impacts the job stress as well as job satisfaction. Employers need to support their employees and also employ those who fit their abilities and the expertise. Exact definitions should be provid4ed regarding the jobs. Finally, the employers should ensure that the employees have the best working environment in terms of structures, clean environments with fewer disturbances to minimize stress and increase the job satisfaction. Bibliography Li, L., Hu, H., Zhou, H., He, C., Fan, L., Liu, X., Zhang, Z., Li, H. and Sun, T., 2014. Work stress, work motivation and their effects on job satisfaction in community health workers: a cross-sectional survey in China.BMJ open,4(6), p.e004897. Hoboubi, N., Choobineh, A., Ghanavati, F.K., Keshavarzi, S. and Hosseini, A.A., 2017. The Impact of Job Stress and Job Satisfaction on Workforce Productivity in an Iranian Petrochemical Industry.Safety and health at work,8(1), pp.67-71. Taylor,D. (2017,March 1). Insecure, stressed, and Underemployed: The Daily reality for millions of Australians.ABC News[Australia]. Burchell,B., Hudson,M., Ladipo,D., Mankelow,R., Nolan,J. (1999, August). Job insecurity and Work intensification.Joseph Rowntree Foundation[NY]. Bemana, S., Moradi, H., Ghasemi, M., Taghavi, S.M. and Ghayoor, A.H., 2013. The relationship among job stress and job satisfaction in municipality personnel in Iran.World Applied Sciences Journal,22(2), pp.233-238. Yaacob, M. and Long, C.S., 2015. Role of occupational stress on job satisfaction.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(2 S1), p.81. Usman, S., Akbar, M.T. and Ramzan, D.M., 2013. Effect of salary and stress on job satisfaction of teachers in district Sialkot, Pakistan.IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS),15(2), pp.68-74. Bakker, A.B. and Demerouti, E., 2014. Job demandsresources theory.Wellbeing. Allisey, A.F., Noblet, A.J., Lamontagne, A.D. and Houdmont, J., 2014. Testing a model of officer intentions to quit: the mediating effects of job stress and job satisfaction.Criminal Justice and Behavior,41(6), pp.751-771. Fila, M.J., Paik, L.S., Griffeth, R.W. and Allen, D., 2014. Disaggregating job satisfaction: Effects of perceived demands, control, and support.Journal of Business and Psychology,29(4), pp.639-649. Charoensukmongkol, P., 2014. Effects of support and job demands on social media use and work outcomes.Computers in Human Behavior,36, pp.340-349. Cicolini, G., Comparcini, D. and Simonetti, V., 2014. Workplace empowerment and nurses' job satisfaction: A systematic literature review.Journal of Nursing Management,22(7), pp.855-871. Zablah, A.R., Carlson, B.D., Donavan, D.T., Maxham III, J.G. and Brown, T.J., 2016. A cross-lagged test of the association between customer satisfaction and employee job satisfaction in a relational context.Journal of Applied Psychology,101(5), p.743.

Sonoma Mission Inn and Spa Marketing Strategies

Introduction The hospitality industry is one of the oldest industries, and one that has exhibited some serious changes in various fronts. Technological changes have seen this industry adopt some of the ultra-modern facilities and this has seen it grow more competitive.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sonoma Mission Inn and Spa Marketing Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Players in this industry are keen to ensure that they are not swept away in this competition (Kotler, 2003). In order to remain relevant, many of the star-rated hotels, with their ultramodern facilities have been keen to ensure that they attract customers to their services. Sonoma Mission Inn and Spa Hotel operates in one of the most competitive industries. With a four-star rating, this hotel must be ready to face some of the strongest challenge from the industry leaders like the Sheratons and the Hiltons. Tourist visiting Calif ornia makes the most attractive segment of the customers, alongside the local travelers. This hotel must ensure that it employs both to-destination and in-destination advertising in order to remain relevant. To-destination advertising Campaign Concept of Operation This type of advertising is very important, especially to a hotel like Sonoma Mission Inn and Spa, which operates in a highly competitive market. Unlike in-destination advertising, to-destination advertising involves adverting to the target customers who are en-route to the destination. Although this concept is considered a little too expensive than in-destination campaign strategy because of its scope, it has proven to be very effective. The marketing department of the hotel can liaise with airplane companies plying the desired destination and advertise on the planes. This can also be done on the airports or such other places that the target customers are likely to see en-route to the destination. The rationale behind thi s strategy is to positively influence the potential customers’ perception about the hotel at an early stage. By the time the customer reaches the destination, he or she would be aware of the hotel and choosing to stay in it would be easier.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In employing this strategy, the marketing team should ensure that visitors coming to California are well aware of the hotel and its competitive edge over other hotels. To-Destination Advertising Campaign Process Map To-destination advertising requires proper planning. The involved parties should have a proper outline of how to conduct the campaign in the targeted region. The diagram below shows the processes that should be taken by the marketing team of Sonoma Mission Inn and Spa. They should first identify the desirable locations where advertising should be done. These may include airports , the airplanes, along the streets of other countries, in the newspapers, magazines or other dailies of other countries. This may require that the marketing team understand the flow of visitors in order to be in a position to identify the locations where a substantial number of visitors come from. The next stage would be to develop advertising programs that would best suite the market. The marketing team should be in a position to identify what would be appealing to different markets before developing value proposition. The television commercials, the pictures, and such other advertising prompts should match what the targeted market demands. The last stage should be the implementation. This would involve engaging the management of identified means of advertising. The identified means of advertising should be those that will effectively reach the desired market. It would involve paying the desired fee and ensuring that the program runs as planned. Reference Kotler, P. (2003). Marketi ng Insights from A-Z: 80 Concepts for Every Manager. New York: John Wiley and Sons.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sonoma Mission Inn and Spa Marketing Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This research paper on Sonoma Mission Inn and Spa Marketing Strategies was written and submitted by user Ernest Cameron to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Write a Sample of Time Management Essay For Frontier DPS Program

How to Write a Sample of Time Management Essay For Frontier DPS ProgramWriting samples of time management essay for frontier DPS can be quite challenging. You may not understand how to express yourself on the paper that you are writing. Nevertheless, a good online editor can help you get your essay editing in no time.The different applications of writing samples of time management essay for frontier DPS will be explained to you later. These essay topics are quite tough to tackle and it can be pretty difficult if you do not know how to write. If you have read a lot about this topic, you should be able to get a good grasp of it.The best source for sample of time management essay for frontier DPS program is to read up on the application. You can look at the admissions requirements in detail. It is very important to make a cover letter as the first page of your application. Then, you can start writing about the areas that you want to discuss.The time management essay for frontier DPS pro gram should be relevant and coherent. People read your application and they can easily see if your application has any merit. Many students find it very hard to write about anything other than their own experiences and problems. You need to write your experience in a well-designed and lucid manner. You can always look at your online editor's comments when you do not get much use from the sample of time management essay for frontier DPS program.Writing samples of time management essay for frontier DPS program is not very hard to do. All you need to do is to keep a proper flow of ideas in your head and to have a clear mind about what you want to say. Your essay should be more targeted at helping you with your applications. It will help you make a better paper and score higher on the entrance test.It is the complete opposite to research paper. It is difficult for your essays to compare with those of paper based on the experiences you have gained in your lifetime. Therefore, it is more accurate to use a sample of time management essay for frontier DPS program.It is better to have a sample of time management essay for frontier DPS program in hand. There are hundreds of schools on the internet. Select the right school that matches your individual needs and requirements.

Persuasive power of the media essays

Persuasive power of the media essays The current boom in television has spawned new types of media, from digital set top boxes for your TV to digital pay TV that acts more like a computer with a database of movies; Phones that can receive streaming video will only get faster and more efficient. Global conglomerates like fox bringing us television from lots of countries around the world. As the current television market in Australia is being flooded by American Television Australia is fighting back with digital Television bring a wider range of free television owned by Australia. This gives users more options that regular free TV in the hope that Australia will stay individual. But to fight back Foxtel, the bringer of most American television brought out digital Foxtel, giving the user even more options, like having a library of television shows you can watch at your leisure. Foxtel turning digital is a big step forward in Australias forms of media. It increases the amount of television we watch and the price we pay for it. It also brings in more TV from around the world, so it is also a step forward in Australia becoming very American. Network television is already very American but digital Foxtel just steps it up to a new level and reinforces the Americanization of Australian television. Foxtel is owned by one man, Rupert Murdoch. He is an Australian turned American. He started his career making newspapers but by the 1980s he bought 20th Century Fox, Fox as well as many others like newspapers and Foxtel. He is a main reason that Australia is becoming Americanized through the way TV implies values upon us, American values from American sitcoms. Local TV stations are slowly being wiped out. Local television station ACE TV lost its license and therefore could no longer broadcast. That was the last completely local Adelaide television station and was a free voice in Adelaide. The leaving of these local stations removes a lot of the sense t ...

The Quasi-adjective Couple

The Quasi-adjective Couple The Quasi-adjective Couple The Quasi-adjective Couple By Maeve Maddox Many English speakers cringe to hear the following construction: Jack has a couple tickets for the play. Counting myself among the cringers, I prefer the standard construction: Jack has a couple of tickets for the play. I prefer the latter usage because I cant accept couple as an adjective describing tickets. To me the dropped of comes across as slovenly speech. As a noun couple means a union of two. It had its origin as a hunting term for a leash for holding two hounds together. In modern usage it often means a man and woman united by love or marriage. Well, now it can also mean a man and man or a woman and a woman etc. As a verb couple means to tie or fasten together in pairs, or to join or connect in any way. The OED offers two main entries for couple, one as noun and one as a verb. The adjectival use is noted under the noun entry: quasi-adj. a couple more (..), two more (colloq.). All of the OED examples given for this colloquial use of couple are used with the word more: Just you hang on for a couple minutes more a couple more cops to hold them at a decent distance I wonder if I could dictate a couple more letters Its going to be a couple more months..before we decide what to do. The dropping of the of in expressions in which couple is followed by a word other than more is described as a U.S. colloquialism. The spelling coupla is also documented and given an entry as a U.S. colloquial form of couple of. One of the examples is from the writing of English writer Dorothy Sayers: 1934 Nine Tailors III. II. 276 Hed had nothing to eat..for a coupla days. It seems to me that the spelling coupla has a certain merit. At least it sounds like an adjective, whereas a couple tickets just sounds incorrect. Merriam-Webster Unabridged treats couple as a genuine adjective meaning two and gives the examples a couple more oaths and a couple nights ago. If couple in these examples means two, I wonder why the article a would be necessary: a two more oaths; a two nights ago. No amount of carping will alter the fact that the a couple tickets construction is here to stay, but you wont catch me using it. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should Know15 Types of DocumentsDealing With A Character's Internal Thoughts