Area of Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Territory of Finance - Essay Example It encases inside itself a large group of other sub substances which deal with the currency advertises, the speculators, investors, securities, capital markets, adventure ventures, partners, money related guidelines, FICO assessments and obligations, bullish and bearish patterns, and so on. Presently what a money related chief could do is to comprehend the fundamentals related with all these sub substances and afterward pick a specific territory where he figures he would be most appropriate to have a comprehension of that very sub element. Simultaneously, he should make an undertaking to find out about different substances so he grapples with the entire money related ball game and doesn't feel abandoned while the examination is raised of him with his monetary colleagues. At long last, it is imperative to state here that an individual having a place with the money clique must take a stab at anything which is monetarily related and attempt his best to increase a comprehension of the distinctive monetary terms before continuing any further. Fund is an immense ocean of data and information, which needs a great deal of examination and tolerance to have sheer understanding

Constitutional Development In Nigeria free essay sample

Child Labor Laws Essay

The Department of Labor is the sole government organization that screens youngster work and implements kid work laws. The most clearing government law that confines the business and maltreatment of kid laborers is the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Kid work arrangements under FLSA are intended to secure the instructive chances of youth and deny their work in employments that are hindering to their wellbeing and wellbeing. FLSA confines the hours that adolescent under 16 years old can work and records unsafe occupations unreasonably hazardous for youthful specialists to perform. Requirement of the FLSA’s youngster work arrangements is dealt with by the Department’s Wage and Hour Division. Summer Jobs+ 2012 Businesses! Non-benefits! Government! President Barack Obama has given a source of inspiration to business pioneers and networks to join his Administration in Summer Jobs+, a joint activity to demonstrated countless summer employments for low-pay and detach youth of America. Kid work guidelines (Cambodia) The Labor Law sets up 15 years as the base age for business and 18 years as the base that isn't dangerous to their wellbeing and that doesn't influence school participation. A tripartite Labor Advisory Committee is answerable for characterizing what comprises work that is risky to the wellbeing, security, and profound quality of young people, just as talking with the mosalvyâ to figure out which sorts of business and working conditions establish â€Å"light work. Of youngsters between the ages of 5 years and 17 years 53 percent were utilized. 33% of these kids were beyond 14 and 71 years old, 71 percent of them were occupied with agrarian, cultivating, or ranger service exercises; 21 percent of working youngsters were deals or administration laborers, and 7 percent were occupied with creation work. My assessment I’d somewhat live in the United States in light of the fact that the pay is a lot higher.

Australian case Modbury Triangle Shopping Centre Pty Ltd v Anzil

Question: Examine about the Australian case Modbury Triangle Shopping Center Pty Ltd v Anzil. Answer: This case was heard by the High Court of Australia. For this situation, the respondent was effective during the preliminary. Correspondingly, the responder end up being fruitful when the Full Court of Supreme Court of South Australia heard the intrigue. Under these conditions, Modbury Triangle Shopping Center made an intrigue to the High Court of Australia. The realities of this case can be quickly depicted as follows. For this situation, the appealing party, Modbury claimed a strip mall. Then again, Mr. Anzil, the respondent was employed by a video store that had rented premises in the middle. Before the week by week shop there was a huge outside stopping for the middle. The vehicle leave was claimed by the mall, Modbury. The video store stayed open until 10 PM in the night and after that time the lights of the vehicle leave were consequently turned off. For this situation, the respondent was leaving his work environment at 10:30 PM on a Sunday night and the lights of the vehicle le ave were killed. Along these lines, the respondent was assaulted by three unidentified people. One of the aggressors had a play club and the respondent endured genuine wounds. As per the rent understanding, the lighting in the regular zones like the stopping territory was given. As per the caution of the appealing party had a piece of the expense was paid by the occupant. Prior, just about 2 years back, the training was to let the lights on at the 11 PM. Later on, a solicitation was made by the co-administrator of the video store that the lights ought to be permitted in the 10:15 PM however simply finished and about a year prior to the assault, the training was embraced to turn off the lights at 10 PM. Under these conditions, the owner of the mall was sued by the offended party in carelessness for his inability to practice sensible consideration and turning off the lights in the vehicle leave. Along these lines, the case was connected with the obligation of the occupier for the criminal direct of an outsider. Consequently the primary issue for this situation was to choose if and when an individual can be held at risk towards someone else for an obligation to take sensible consideration for controlling the lead of the third party.[1] For this situation, in spite of the fact that it was contended by the appealing party that the assault could have been forestalled if better lighting was available in the vehicle leave, however most of the appointed authorities were very doubtful of this case. In this manner, it gives the idea that fundamentally the case was directed on the issue if the danger of injury was made or expanded by the litigant because of poor lighting. It was called attention to by the court that for this situation, the case of the structure did not depend on the states of being in the vehicle leaving (for instance that he had stumbled over because of awful lighting). Rather, the case in the current case depended on the outsider's conscious criminal activities. Accordingly the issue for this situation was connected with the risk of the respondent for an exclusion, especially the obligation of the litigant in regards to the criminal activities of outsider. It was chosen by most of nowadays that Modbury, a s the occupier of the premises, had an obligation which didn't stretch out to avoid potential risk for forestalling the physical injury was to the offended party by crooks. So as to choose if the occupiers had a did you get towards the people who entered their territory, the nearness test should be applied. If there should be an occurrence of this test, physical nearness, fortuitous vicinity and easygoing closeness is included. Aside from it, under such conditions, another test that can be utilized is the three phases test.[2] The three phases in such manner are if the harm endured by the offended party can be portrayed as sensibly predictable, if the relationship that existed between the offended party and litigant can be depicted as adequately proximate and assuming this is the case, would it be able to be depicted as reasonable, just and sensible considering the present situation to force the obligation of care on the respondent. The inquiries that should be posed to choose if there has been a break of the necessary standard of care incorporate the inquiry on the off chance that it was predictable, if the hazard was not irrelevant and if some other sensible individual would have avoided potential risk under comparative conditions in which the litigant was. There are other important elements that additionally should be viewed as like if the cost engaged with playing it safe would have significantly expanded the expense of vitality. It was likewise guaranteed by the evident than an occupier of land isn't the means by which an obligation of care, which requires the occupier to take sensible consideration for forestalling physical injury to the offended party that might be caused because of the criminal conduct of a third-party.[3] Therefore in the current case additionally, the occupier didn't have any authority over the activities of the aggressors or on the conditions under which the assault occurred. The general standard that can be applied in the current circumstance is that the individual doesn't have an obligation to control the other individual to keep such individual from making harm a third individual. For the most part with the end goal of occupier's obligation, the obligation of care in carelessness in regards to the state of being of the premises emerges because of the force that the occupier needed to control the people who enter or stay on the land and furthermore the intensity of the occupiers to c ontrol the condition of land. In addition, the occupiers in a superior situation when contrasted with a contestant to know in regards to the state of being of the premises.[4] As to issue of an obligation of command over outsiders, it was the assessment of the lion's share for this situation that the extent of the obligations of an occupier doesn't reach out to outsiders. Aside from the excellent conditions or in the event of the nearness of the exceptional connection between the gatherings, risk isn't forced by the commonlaw in regards to the ommission to make constructive strides to shield the other individual from the criminal activities of the other party. It was likewise expressed for this situation that if an uncommon relationship is absent, it isn't the obligation of an individual to find a way to forestall making hurt someone else because of the collaborations of an outsider regardless of whether such a hazard can be portrayed as predictable. It will likewise perceive by the court that under some uncommon cases, an obligation can be forced on involved with make positive strides that are required so as to forestall a sensibly predictable hazard. Tha t has been made free from the lead of the respondent. Such a circumstance emerges in situations where there is an exceptional or defensive relationship present between the gatherings, and a commitment has been expected by the respondent to ensure the plaintiff.[5] It can be said that such a defensive relationship is available where the litigant has the ability to control the danger of damage that might be caused to the offended party and in situations where the offended party can be depicted as helpless and relying upon the offended party for the avoidance of such harm.[6] In any case, in the current case, it was noted by the court that the occupier was not in a situation to control the activities of the attackers. Likewise, the occupier didn't have any information with respect to the approaching assault. The court expressed that the center assaults can't be anticipated and it was impractical for the occupier to control such an attack.[7] Under these conditions, it was expressed that the occupier can't be held at risk in the current case, on the grounds that the quick and direct reason for the wounds endured by the offended party was the assault by the guilty parties and these wounds were not endured as a nonattendance of lighting. Thus, this reality was likewise noticed that obligation was not expected by the occupier in regards to the security of the respondent. It was sensible for the occupier to accept that the business of the respondent would ensure him. Concerning the occupier, the respondent can be put in comparable situation in which some other individual from the general population can be put. Also in the current case, the commitment of the occupier in the wounds endured by the respondent was unimportant. In the event that risk is forced on the occupier, it would imply that the monetary obligation has been moved with respect to the results of a wrongdoing, from the miscreant to someone else. Regardless of whether such individual didn't have the capacity to affect the conduct because of which the wounds were caused. In addition the court expressed that there is no uncertainty that an occupier of land has the obligation of care towards the people who unlawfully present on the land. In the current case additionally, it very well may be said that the appealing party had an obligation towards the first to react and with respect to the state of being of the vehicle leave. Nonetheless, the issue for this situation was connected with the reality if the appealing party additionally had an obligation of the sort that is important for the mischief that was offered by the main respondent. This issue was examined for this situation as the contention related with the nature or extent of the obligation. In the current case, the nature of ranch caused to the respondent was as physical wounds that host been brought about by a third gathering and the respondent didn't have any authority over the activities of the third-party.[8] Therefore, it tends to be said in the current case that any important obligation in such conditions can be depicted as the obligation related with the security of the respondent. It very well may be an obligation of an individual, in his situation as the occupier of land, which expects him to take sensible consideration for securing the people who were in the situation of the respondent against lead, which incorporates the criminal activities of the outsiders. Under these conditions, the dominant part choice given by the High Court was that the intrigue of Modbry ought to be permitted on both the issues. Subsequently, it was chosen by the High Court that Modbury can't be held obligated for wounds

How to Find a Job in Los Angeles (Top 100 Employers)

Step by step instructions to Find a Job in Los Angeles (Top 100 Employers) Yahoo for Hollywood, home of the entirety of our preferred stars and your most loved Kardashian (whichever one that might be). In any case, in spite of the fact that Los Angeles is the world capital of excitement, style, and insincere solicitations to eat, it’s additionally a rambling, multifaceted city with a lot of profession open doors for those of us who aren’t liable to be the following Brad Pitt or even the following Pauly Shore. Let’s take a gander at the absolute most sultry businesses and occupations you’ll find in L.A. The Tech SectorLet’s face it: different pieces of California are better known for their nerd cred and their startup cleverness. In any case, don’t belittle radiant L.A. with regards to tech occupations: the scene is developing quick. As indicated by Fast Company, L.A. is seeing a major flood in the tech part, to the tune of 2200 individual new businesses in the â€Å"creative capital of the world.† And weâ€⠄¢re not talking film innovation: the greater part of this development is energized by biotech, trade, and interchanges instead of amusement and media. You have the standard tech goliaths like Google and IBM with existences in metro L.A., yet additionally a colossal assortment of different organizations like online business (Ticketmaster), advanced media (Netflix, Hulu, Buzzfeed), gaming (Electronic Arts, Riot Games), programming (Symantec), correspondences (Verizon), and even advanced science (SpaceX), just to give some examples. The Santa Monica and Venice Beach zones specifically are building up themselves as center points. [via Built In Los Angeles]Hot Job: Information Security AnalystAccording to Mondo, the most blazing tech work going in L.A. is Security Analyst. With information penetrates occurring with disturbing consistency, the security examiners are frequently the principal line of safeguard against would-be cheats and programmers. Security experts are liable for executi ng, redesigning, and keeping up organize safety efforts. It’s a lucrative field, per the U.S. Agency of Labor Statistics, with a middle pay of $90,120. This activity normally requires a bachelor’s qualification in software engineering or a related field. It’s likewise a quickly developing field, and will be for the forseeable future: the Bureau of Labor Statistics expects an extremely solid 18% growth.The Entertainment SectorThis is L.A., what did you anticipate? Not every person is removed to be a star in the conventional Hollywood sense, however that doesn’t mean you can’t locate an incredible, satisfying profession offscreen. Due to the gigantic film, TV, music, and media creation center point that is Los Angeles, there are huge amounts of chances in promoting, publicizing, the board, advertising, creation, or operations.Hot Job: Social Media ManagerBeing online networking canny is an absolute necessity have aptitude in pretty much every industr y nowadays, yet none more than media outlets, where picture and impressions are so significant, and everyone’s looking for tattle commendable missteps (henceforth TMZ’s proceeded with presence). Web based life organizers are answerable for making and keeping up a brand voice, just as creating online life promoting efforts to help organization strategy.Per PayScale, the middle compensation for web based life facilitators is $46,402. This is a field that will keep on developing as organizations search for approaches to improve their effort and build up their image in each conceivable road. Advertising aptitudes are an absolute necessity here, just like a solid spidey sense for where the online life domain is moving straightaway. (Tear MySpace.)The Biotech SectorSurging connected at the hip with L.A.’s tech scene is its biotech industry, driven by labs related with the numerous colleges around the city and the imaginative organizations flourishing in the L.A. metro area.Hot Job: Biomedical EngineerNamed the #1 quickest developing occupation in California by the L.A. Times, biomedical building is at the extremely bleeding edge of clinical innovation. These designers create gear, gadgets, and programming for the clinical business. Making medical procedures less difficult, diminishing human mistake, improving medications these are zones being continually chipped away at and refined by biomedical specialists. It’s a profoundly specific field, requiring in any event a bachelor’s qualification in designing, yet a remunerating one-the middle pay is $86,220 per the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Interest for these specialists is growing an insane rate also: the industry is probably going to see a 23% expansion by 2024, which is a long ways in front of most careers.The Health Care SectorHealth care and united wellbeing fields are developing all over the place, yet particularly in a metropolitan region like Los Angeles, where the populace is developing and evolving continually. No clinical field is as prone to see expanded interest more than crisis medicine.Hot Job: Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)Licensed EMTs are more fundamental than any other time in recent memory, and California state projections recommend that the requirement for these profoundly prepared experts will detonate by 42% sooner rather than later. Being an EMT isn't for weak willed (or for the individuals who black out, period). As a person on call, you’d need to keep a quiet head and push ahead with moment, life-sparing critical thinking. In any case, if the adrenaline of moving from crisis to crisis offers to you, this is an extremely strong decision in the ever-developing social insurance industry.One of the best things about living and working in a lively city like Los Angeles is that whatever you’re looking for, there will be openings all around. In the event that your fantasies spin around red floor coverings and open appearances , that’s extraordinary however in the event that you’re an insignificant human like a large portion of us, there’s no deficiency of professions where you can thrive among the palm trees.

Most Common Academic Words (Part 2 of 4)

Most Common Academic Words (Part 2 of 4) EP 24: Most Common Academic Words To Improve Your Academic Writing (Part 2/4) EP 24: Most Common Academic Words To Improve Your Academic Writing (Part 2/4) Are you looking to increase your academic or English vocabulary? This week on Episode 24 of the Homework Help Show our Host and Top Writer Cath Anne builds on a series in which she discusses the most commonly used academic words. Follow along so that you can increase your academic comprehension and incorporate some new words into your academic writing! Using the words, Cath Anne discusses how to create your own sentences. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:05] Hows it going guys? Its Cath Anne, weekly host of The Homework Help Show and Top Writer for Homework Help Global. This week we will continue our series in which we discuss common academic words to incorporate into your academic writing. Make sure you check out our other videos. Episode 21 and 23. For more on the same topic. Cath Anne: [00:00:25] Just a little overview: this series will help you to expand your academic vocabulary using the academic word list. This is a list that you can easily find on Google or anywhere on the internet just by typing it in the search. This core academic vocabulary is used by writers in many different subject areas so learning vocabulary from the AWL will help you to improve your comprehension of academic texts. It will also help you to write assignments in an academic style which your profs are really going to love. Cath Anne: [00:00:59] Feel free to come back to these videos when you need a reminder of the various words we discuss. One way to learn new vocabulary is to learn a new word from the list every day. But it is better to learn words in context so that you will understand how they are used. That is why we will present to word and then present it in a sentence to give you some context. Cath Anne: [00:01:21] Before we jump in. Just a quick reminder to join me live on Instagram live and Facebook live every Thursday at 7:00 PM Eastern Standard Time. We will be doing a live Q and A and study session. So bring your homework and any questions you may have and we will try to help you out. Cath Anne: [00:01:39] OK so lets get into the content. Just a reminder that we encourage you to pause the video at any time just, so you can take some notes and get those words on your list. This week we will add to our initial list with buy more common academic words. So, this session we will be discussing the words, the part of speech (whether it is a noun, verb, or adjective) and the meaning of the word. Then of course as I mentioned we will put the word into a sentence, so you can understand the word in context. Cath Anne: [00:02:27] Lets begin. The first word. This week is environment. As you can see environment is noun. It means the condition of your surroundings. Your surroundings could be geography, society, or even your mood. In a sentence we can use the word environment. Due to climate change there are concerns about the environment. That is probably the most commonly used way to use the word environment. Cath Anne: [00:03:17] The next word is estimate. Estimate is a verb meaning: to make an approximate guess or judgment. So, we could say, I estimate that I will get a score of 80 percent on the upcoming test. Good for you! 80 percent is a great score! Cath Anne: [00:03:56] The next word is factor. Factor is a noun. This means something that contributes to a particular result. So, we can say, There are several factors that contribute to climate change. Those factors might be carbon gas emissions, other forms of pollution, and plastic contamination. So, as you can see there are multiple factors. Multiple factors is a common way to use the word factor in academic jargon and academic writing. Cath Anne: [00:04:46] Number four is function. Function is a noun. It means the purpose for which something is designed. What is its function? What is its purpose? For example, we could say, The phone apps main function is to help people find cool restaurants. Perhaps the app has other functions as well. Maybe it has a menu rating system, maybe it tells you how close local restaurants are. The application may have several functions. Cath Anne: [00:05:41] Finally we have the word identified. Identified as a verb. This means to recognize something or someone. Most commonly it is used in the past tense and it is followed by a direct object. We identified something. For example, We identified three different factors that contribute to child poverty. So, weve also used the word factor in this sentence. What did we identify? We identified something, the three different factors. Cath Anne: [00:06:32] So as you can see all of these words are highly beneficial in academic writing. You can incorporate them throughout your essays and your professors will be very happy that you are familiar with some academic language. Cath Anne: [00:06:47] As I noted please check out our other videos. Episode 21 Episode 23. Theyre very similar to this and we discussed five academic words which you can incorporate into your academic writing. We will be doing another two videos on this topic. So, if this is of interest to you, please make sure to check out this videos. Cath Anne: [00:07:11] That is it for this week. Thank you guys so much for joining me on The Homework Help Show and I hope this episode was of benefit to you. If you want to gain access to any more of our content please view us on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, Google Plus, YouTube, Medium where we have a bunch of different student life blogs and information. If you are more of a podcast listener were on SoundCloud, Anchor, iTunes Apple podcast, and Google Play Music. All you have to do to find any of our content is to search Homework Help Global and we will be there. If you have any writing or homework questions. Please remember to join us live on Instagram and Facebook. Live every Thursday at 7:00p.m. Eastern Standard Time. I hope you guys have a great week. Take care. Most Common Academic Words (Part 2 of 4) EP 24: Most Common Academic Words To Improve Your Academic Writing (Part 2/4) EP 24: Most Common Academic Words To Improve Your Academic Writing (Part 2/4) Are you looking to increase your academic or English vocabulary? This week on Episode 24 of the Homework Help Show our Host and Top Writer Cath Anne builds on a series in which she discusses the most commonly used academic words. Follow along so that you can increase your academic comprehension and incorporate some new words into your academic writing! Using the words, Cath Anne discusses how to create your own sentences. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:05] Hows it going guys? Its Cath Anne, weekly host of The Homework Help Show and Top Writer for Homework Help Global. This week we will continue our series in which we discuss common academic words to incorporate into your academic writing. Make sure you check out our other videos. Episode 21 and 23. For more on the same topic. Cath Anne: [00:00:25] Just a little overview: this series will help you to expand your academic vocabulary using the academic word list. This is a list that you can easily find on Google or anywhere on the internet just by typing it in the search. This core academic vocabulary is used by writers in many different subject areas so learning vocabulary from the AWL will help you to improve your comprehension of academic texts. It will also help you to write assignments in an academic style which your profs are really going to love. Cath Anne: [00:00:59] Feel free to come back to these videos when you need a reminder of the various words we discuss. One way to learn new vocabulary is to learn a new word from the list every day. But it is better to learn words in context so that you will understand how they are used. That is why we will present to word and then present it in a sentence to give you some context. Cath Anne: [00:01:21] Before we jump in. Just a quick reminder to join me live on Instagram live and Facebook live every Thursday at 7:00 PM Eastern Standard Time. We will be doing a live Q and A and study session. So bring your homework and any questions you may have and we will try to help you out. Cath Anne: [00:01:39] OK so lets get into the content. Just a reminder that we encourage you to pause the video at any time just, so you can take some notes and get those words on your list. This week we will add to our initial list with buy more common academic words. So, this session we will be discussing the words, the part of speech (whether it is a noun, verb, or adjective) and the meaning of the word. Then of course as I mentioned we will put the word into a sentence, so you can understand the word in context. Cath Anne: [00:02:27] Lets begin. The first word. This week is environment. As you can see environment is noun. It means the condition of your surroundings. Your surroundings could be geography, society, or even your mood. In a sentence we can use the word environment. Due to climate change there are concerns about the environment. That is probably the most commonly used way to use the word environment. Cath Anne: [00:03:17] The next word is estimate. Estimate is a verb meaning: to make an approximate guess or judgment. So, we could say, I estimate that I will get a score of 80 percent on the upcoming test. Good for you! 80 percent is a great score! Cath Anne: [00:03:56] The next word is factor. Factor is a noun. This means something that contributes to a particular result. So, we can say, There are several factors that contribute to climate change. Those factors might be carbon gas emissions, other forms of pollution, and plastic contamination. So, as you can see there are multiple factors. Multiple factors is a common way to use the word factor in academic jargon and academic writing. Cath Anne: [00:04:46] Number four is function. Function is a noun. It means the purpose for which something is designed. What is its function? What is its purpose? For example, we could say, The phone apps main function is to help people find cool restaurants. Perhaps the app has other functions as well. Maybe it has a menu rating system, maybe it tells you how close local restaurants are. The application may have several functions. Cath Anne: [00:05:41] Finally we have the word identified. Identified as a verb. This means to recognize something or someone. Most commonly it is used in the past tense and it is followed by a direct object. We identified something. For example, We identified three different factors that contribute to child poverty. So, weve also used the word factor in this sentence. What did we identify? We identified something, the three different factors. Cath Anne: [00:06:32] So as you can see all of these words are highly beneficial in academic writing. You can incorporate them throughout your essays and your professors will be very happy that you are familiar with some academic language. Cath Anne: [00:06:47] As I noted please check out our other videos. Episode 21 Episode 23. Theyre very similar to this and we discussed five academic words which you can incorporate into your academic writing. We will be doing another two videos on this topic. So, if this is of interest to you, please make sure to check out this videos. Cath Anne: [00:07:11] That is it for this week. Thank you guys so much for joining me on The Homework Help Show and I hope this episode was of benefit to you. If you want to gain access to any more of our content please view us on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, Google Plus, YouTube, Medium where we have a bunch of different student life blogs and information. If you are more of a podcast listener were on SoundCloud, Anchor, iTunes Apple podcast, and Google Play Music. All you have to do to find any of our content is to search Homework Help Global and we will be there. If you have any writing or homework questions. Please remember to join us live on Instagram and Facebook. Live every Thursday at 7:00p.m. Eastern Standard Time. I hope you guys have a great week. Take care.

Islamic Terrorism Essay

Islamic Terrorism Essay Islamic Terrorism: The Radicalization of Religion Abstract This essay  focuses on radical Islamic terrorism, from its roots in the Shia rebellion that led to the Iranian Revolution to the modern day terrorist group Daesh/ISIL/ISIS/IS.   It discusses how 9-11 introduced many Westerners to the idea of radical Islamic terrorism and the self-proclaimed holy warriors who carry out these acts as a form of jihad.   In order to help explain modern terrorism, the paper discusses the roots of the Sunni/Shia split and the lingering impact that split has on the modern geopolitical environment.   The foundation of modern terrorist groups that can be traced to the radicalization of Sunni students is traced through Al Qaeda and back to the Taliban. Introduction For people in the United States, radical Islamic terrorism became a real threat on 9-11, when terrorists from a group known as Al-Qaeda used box knives to take over airplanes and then used those airplanes as missiles to destroy the World Trade Center in New York City, and to target the Pentagon in Washington, DC.   A fourth plane was intended to be an additional weapon, but passengers on the plane thwarted them.   The day remains the largest terrorist attack on American soil and ushered in the second Iraq war and an era of abrogated civil rights under the umbrella of The Patriot Act, a government attempt to heighten monitoring of potential terrorists and prevent another 9-11 style attack (United States Department of Justice, 2016).   It also brought attention to a new type of threat; jihad, as these terrorists styled themselves as holy warriors. What is Jihad? While members of Al Qaeda and subsequent terrorist groups have called themselves mujahideen, jihadists, and jihadi and have proclaimed that their actions are taken in the name of Islam, it is important to understand that their take on the concept of jihad is a radicalized version of the religion that differs, significantly, from what the average Muslim believes.   For the average Muslim, Jihad is not a violent concept and does not incorporate terrorism, and the Koran specifically prohibits almost all calls for violent Jihad.   In addition, Islam is an Abrahamic religion like Christianity and Judaism, and the Koran requires Muslims to respect Christians and Jews.   Radicalized Muslims, like radicalized members of other faiths, reject those concepts and use twist Islam to support their violence against others.   However, the root cause is not simply religion; religion is a tool manipulated by the leaders to get vulnerable recruits to join their cause.   Factors such as povert y, class differences, warfare, and even social anti-Muslim attitudes are used as recruiting tools alongside religion. Sunni and Shia Furthermore, it is important to realize that Islam has been marked by an internal division since the 632 AD death of the prophet Muhammad.   Sunni and Shia Muslims are divided over who is the appropriate successor to the prophet Muhammad.   While many in the Western world view all Muslims as the same, this division marks significant doctrinal differences and is the source of many territorial disputes (Humphreys, 2015).   In a nutshell, the Shia believed that only descendants of Muhammad were eligible to lead Muslims, advocating for a type of monarchy in religious succession.   In contrast, the Sunni believed that the worthiest people should be eligible for leadership, regardless of lineage.   The Iranian Revolution, which was led by Shia and marked the foundation of the terrorist organization Hezbollah, caused many people to think of Shias as the more radicalized of the two groups, which was a viewpoint advocated by primarily Sunni Saudi Arabia and many of its political bac kers, including the United States.   However, the Sunni version of Islam was equally subject to radicalization; the Taliban, which began as a group of mujahideen fighting against the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, was a Sunni group, and its radicalized ideology formed the foundation for Al Qaeda. Terrorism: A Many-Headed Beast Terrorism is the use of violence and intimidation to further political aims, and it can be accomplished by an individual or an organization.   What the United States government found in the wake of 9-11 was that it is extremely difficult to fight a terrorist organization such as Al-Qaeda.   While the organization had a well-recognized leader, Osama Bin Laden, it did not function in a top-down manner, but instead employed terrorist cells, small groups of independently operating terrorists who do not share leadership and do not overlap, which makes it far more difficult for law enforcement to target a terrorist organization.   This effective use of terrorist cells was globally devastating, â€Å"al-Qaeda was linked—whether directly or indirectly—to more attacks in the six years following September 11 than it had been in the six years prior, including attacks in Jordan, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia,  Turkey, the  United Kingdom,  Israel, Algeria, and elsewhe re† (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2016).   Meanwhile, the organization was extremely effective at using social media and the Internet as both a recruiting device and a means of spreading terror.   The U.S. found its leader, Osama Bin Laden, and executed him in May of 2011, and, although Al-Qaeda remains an active terrorist organization, it has largely been supplanted by other organizations. What’s in a Name? While Al Qaeda was once the most-feared radical Islamic terrorist organization in the world, currently, the most-feared group of terrorists is a radical Sunni group that is referred to by one of many names: Isis, Isil, IS, and Daesh.   The names all refer to â€Å"the jihadist group which controls large swathes of territory in Syria and Iraq† (Irshaid, 2015).   The conflict over the name, which has gained significant attention in the United States, is really a semantic one.   Historically, there was an Islamic State at the time of Muhammad’s death, and the terrorists attempt to use that and related monikers to legitimize their operation.   These names include Islamic State (IS), Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), and Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and the confusion over the names can be traced to translation difficulties between Arabic and English.   However, the group is generally referred to as ISIL in international contexts, which is what the Obama Administration has continued to do, while many Americans refer to them as ISIS.   The term Daesh, which is simply the English acronym of the group’s Arabic name and as no stand-alone meaning, is gaining in popularity, because it does not lend the same legitimacy to the group as IS or any of its derivatives. The Global Impact Regardless of what one calls the group, ISIL is having a tremendous impact on worldwide politics, because ISIL invasions of previously peaceful Muslim countries are driving a world-wide refugee crises and altering the balance of power in the Middle East.   The geo-political implications of a Sunni group controlling parts of Syria and Iraq, while an equally militant Shia group largely controls Iran are alarming and fighting between radicalized Muslims and non-radicalized citizens could have very alarming consequences and has made much of the Western world very aware of concerns about nuclear weapons in Muslim-controlled countries like Pakistan and Iran.   It has also helped drive xenophobia in many nations, because they fear that Muslim immigrants will bring radical Islam to their countries.   This fear is reasonable, but greatly overstated; the refugees are fleeing the radical Islamists, but it is still possible for a terrorist to pretend to be a refugee in order to enter a tar get country.   More chilling is the idea that a refugee may flee the terrorists only to face tremendous religious discrimination and economic oppression, making him or her more vulnerable to terrorist recruitment propaganda. Works Cited / References: Encyclopedia Britannica.   (2016, October 14).   Al-Qaeda.   Retrieved October 19, 2016 from the  Encyclopaedia Britannica website: https://www.britannica.com/topic/al-Qaeda Humphreys, A.   (2015, November 18).   The Sunni-Shia split at the heart of regional conflict in  the Middle East explained.   Retrieved October 19, 2016 from National Post website: http://news.nationalpost.com/news/world/the-sunni-shia-split-at-the-heart-of-regional-conflict-in-the-middle-east-explained Irshaid, F.   (2015, December 2).   Isis, Isil, IS, or Daesh?   One group, many names.   Retrieved  October 19, 2016 from BBC website: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27994277 United States Department of Justice.   (2016).   Highlights of the USA Patriot Act.   Retrieved  October 19, 2016 from Department of Justice website: https://www.justice.gov/archive/ll/highlights.htm Top Image Rights: Taken Oct 30, 2011  Siwc  Flickr  Creative Commons CC by 2.0 View or Download this full document in (.docx) format. --> Open Full Document Open full document and source list OR Order A Custom Written Essay Order a one-of-a-kind custom essay on this topic

The Holy Night A Christmas Story by Selma Lagerlöf

As part of her collection Christ Legends Selma Lagerlà ¶f wrote the story The Holy Night,   a Christmas-themed tale first published in sometime in the early 1900s but before her death in 1940. It tells the story of the author at five years old who experienced a great sadness when her grandmother passed which made her recall a story the old woman used to tell about the Holy Night. The story the grandmother tells is about a poor man who wanders around the village asking people for a single live coal to light his own fire, but keeps getting met with rejection until he runs into a shepherd who finds compassion in his heart to help, especially after seeing the state of the mans home and wife and child. Read the full story below for a quality Christmas tale about how compassion can lead people to see miracles, especially around that special time of year. The Holy Night Text When I was five years old I had such a great sorrow! I hardly know if I have had a greater since then. It was then that my grandmother died. Up to that time, she used to sit every day on the corner sofa in her room, and tell stories. I remember grandmother told story after story from morning till night, and we children sat beside her, quite still, and listened. It was a glorious life! No other children had such happy times as we did. It isnt much that I recollect about my grandmother. I remember that she had very beautiful snow-white hair, and stooped when she walked, and that she always sat and knitted a stocking. And I even remember that when she had finished a story, she used to lay her hand on my head and say: All this is as true, as true as that I see you and you see me. I also remember that she could sing songs, but this she did not do every day. One of the songs was about a knight and a sea-troll, and had this refrain: It blows cold, cold weather at sea. Then I remember a little prayer she taught me, and a verse of a hymn. Of all the stories she told me, I have but a dim and imperfect recollection. Only one of them do I remember so well that I should be able to repeat it. It is a little story about Jesus birth. Well, this is nearly all that I can recall about my grandmother, except the thing which I remember best; and that is, the great loneliness when she was gone. I remember the morning when the corner sofa stood empty and when it was impossible to understand how the days would ever come to an end. That I remember. That I shall never forget! And I recollect that we children were brought forward to kiss the hand of the dead and that we were afraid to do it. But then some one said to us that it would be the last time we could thank grandmother for all the pleasure she had given us. And I remember how the stories and songs were driven from the homestead, shut up in a long black casket, and how they never came back again. I remember that something was gone from our lives. It seemed as if the door to a whole beautiful, enchanted world—where before we had been free to go in and out—had been closed. And now there was no one who knew how to open that door. And I remember that, little by little, we children learned to play with dolls and toys, and to live like other children. And then it seemed as though we no longer missed our grandmother, or remembered her. But even to-day—after forty years—as I sit here and gather together the legends about Christ, which I heard out there in the Orient, there awakes within me the little legend of Jesus birth that my grandmother used to tell, and I feel impelled to tell it once again, and to let it also be included in my collection. It was a Christmas Day and all the folks had driven to church except grandmother and I. I believe we were all alone in the house. We had not been permitted to go along, because one of us was too old and the other was too young. And we were sad, both of us, because we had not been taken to early mass to hear the singing and to see the Christmas candles. But as we sat there in our loneliness, grandmother began to tell a story. There was a man who went out in the dark night to borrow live coals to kindle a fire. He went from hut to hut and knocked. Dear friends, help me! said he. My wife has just given birth to a child, and I must make a fire to warm her and the little one.But it was way in the night, and all the people were asleep. No one replied.The man walked and walked. At last, he saw the gleam of a fire a long way off. Then he went in that direction and saw that the fire was burning in the open. A lot of sheep were sleeping around the fire, and an old shepherd sat and watched over the flock.When the man who wanted to borrow fire came up to the sheep, he saw that three big dogs lay asleep at the shepherds feet. All three awoke when the man approached and opened their great jaws, as though they wanted to bark; but not a sound was heard. The man noticed that the hair on their backs stood up and that their sharp, white teeth glistened in the firelight. They dashed toward him.He felt that one of them bit a t his leg and one at this hand and that one clung to this throat. But their jaws and teeth wouldnt obey them, and the man didnt suffer the least harm.Now the man wished to go farther, to get what he needed. But the sheep lay back to back and so close to one another that he couldnt pass them. Then the man stepped upon their backs and walked over them and up to the fire. And not one of the animals awoke or moved.When the man had almost reached the fire, the shepherd looked up. He was a surly old man, who was unfriendly and harsh toward human beings. And when he saw the strange man coming, he seized the long, spiked staff, which he always held in his hand when he tended his flock, and threw it at him. The staff came right toward the man, but, before it reached him, it turned off to one side and whizzed past him, far out in the meadow.Now the man came up to the shepherd and said to him: Good man, help me, and lend me a little fire! My wife has just given birth to a child, and I must mak e a fire to warm her and the little one.The shepherd would rather have said no, but when he pondered that the dogs couldnt hurt the man, and the sheep had not run from him and that the staff had not wished to strike him, he was a little afraid, and dared not deny the man that which he asked. Take as much as you need! he said to the man. But then the fire was nearly burnt out. There were no logs or branches left, only a big heap of live coals, and the stranger had neither spade nor shovel wherein he could carry the red-hot coals.When the shepherd saw this, he said again: Take as much as you need! And he was glad that the man wouldnt be able to take away any coals.But the man stopped and picked coals from the ashes with his bare hands, and laid them in his mantle. And he didnt burn his hands when he touched them, nor did the coals scorch his mantle; but he carried them away as if they had been nuts or apples.And when the shepherd, who was such a cruel and hardhearted man, saw all this, he began to wonder to himself. What kind of a night is this, when the dogs do not bite, the sheep are not scared, the staff does not kill, or the fire scorch? He called the stranger back and said to him: What kind of a night is this? And how does it happen that all things show you compassion?Then said the man: I cannot tell you if you y ourself do not see it. And he wished to go his way, that he might soon make a fire and warm his wife and child.br/>But the shepherd did not wish to lose sight of the man before he had found out what all this might portend. He got up and followed the man till they came to the place where he lived.Then the shepherd saw the man didnt have so much as a hut to dwell in, but that his wife and babe were lying in a mountain grotto, where there was nothing except the cold and naked stone walls.But the shepherd thought that perhaps the poor innocent child might freeze to death there in the grotto; and, although he was a hard man, he was touched, and thought he would like to help it. And he loosened the knapsack from his shoulder, took from it a soft white sheepskin, gave it to the strange man, and said that he should let the child sleep on it.But just as soon as he showed that he, too, could be merciful, his eyes were opened, and he saw what he had not been able to see before, and heard what he could not have heard before.He saw that all around him stood a ring of little silver-winged angels, and each held a stringed instrument, and all sang in loud tones that tonight the Saviour was born who should redeem the world from its sins.br/>Then he understood how all things were so happy this night that they didnt want to do anything wrong.And it was not only around the shepherd that there were angels, but he saw them everywhere. They sat inside the grotto, they sat outside on the mountain, and they flew under the heavens. They came marching in great companies, and, as they passed, they paused and cast a glance at the child.There was such jubilation and such gladness and songs and play! And all this he saw in the dark night whereas before he could not have made out anything. He was so happy because his eyes had been opened that he fell upon his knees and thanked God.What that shepherd saw, we might also see, for the angels fly down from heaven every Christmas Eve, if we could only see them.You must remember this, for it is as true, as true as that I see you and you see me. It is not revealed by the light of lamps or candles, and it does not depend upon sun and moon, but that which is needful is that we have such eyes as can see Gods glory.

I Think I Got a Bad GRE Score. Now What

Effects Of European Expansion On America - 1407 Words

Kyle Young Ms. Hagler Western Civilization 3/08/16 The Effects of European Expansion For many generations, it was taught that the expansion of Europe to the Americas, (also known as the European expansion), had a huge impact on all societies of the old world. The importance of this was taught to societies all across the world, and was indeed a necessary occurrence. Up until recently, the idea was never given any real thought for the majority of people as to how, over many generations in the family and throughout the passage of time, how they precisely got where they are currently today, as well as what kind of pain and suffering the continents known as North and South America was initially founded on. European expansion did have some positive effects for the Europeans, such as new lands and resources, however at the same time it had caused many more negative effects on both the Natives and Europeans. In the early modern period, explorers crossed immense oceans to even find a hint of other civilizations and new resources. With superior material and technological strength, especially firearms, Europeans were able to achieve land and power. The motives for European expansion varied from desiring glory from their lands, gold for their future, to serve in the name of God, and the strategic needs that their country may require. Among the first well known European explorers, Christopher Columbus, an experienced voyager, discovered a â€Å"New World† that he claimed for Spain inShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Historical Impacts of the Protestant Reformation946 Words   |  4 PagesThe Protestant Reformation and European expansion have both left political, social and economic impacts throughout history. The Protestant Reformation which was started in the 1500’s, by a Catholic man named Martin Luther caused political instability and fragmented the Holy Roman Empire. 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And Then There Were Three - 2237 Words

And Then There Were Three From author to appearance, purpose to publisher, the creation of the Lyrical Ballads was far from simple. Though the blank-verse Tintern Abbey is one of the â€Å"other poems† hidden in the back of just one edition of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s ballads, the pastoral ode best represents the Wordsworthian anxiety that casts a shadow over the entire, complex publication of the Lyrical Ballads. Tintern Abbey was not meant to be a part of the Lyrical Ballads, but was added at the last minute, when the poems were already in the printing press (Moorman). Though hasty and not quite fitting, Wordsworth’s final addition to the first volume of the Lyrical Ballads became its most illustrious†¦show more content†¦Cottle returned to Bristol with The Rime of the Ancient Mariner in hand, as well as an agreed upon title for the whole collection, the Lyrical Ballads. After Cottle left, Coleridge wrote him a letter further explaining the mission of the Lyrical Ballads: We deem that the volumes offered to you are to a certain degree one work, in kind tho’ not in degree, as an Ode is one work- that our different poems are as stanzas, good relatively rather than absolutely:-Mark you, I say in kind tho’ not in degree.—(cited by Jordan) The Lyrical Ballads gained a specific and radical purpose that Wordsworth and Coleridge would have to defend. Thus, Wordsworth began to show deep concern for his hard work and its revolutionary mission. The primary poet often visited Bristol over the next few months to oversee the production of the poems (Rannie). As the purpose of the work specified, so did the appearance. Coleridge also demanded, with Wordsworth’s support, that there be â€Å"18 lines per page† and â€Å"the lines closely printed† (cited by Jordan). 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Understanding of how Linux was originated Free Essays

INTRODUDCTION Linux, the flagship of open source software (OOS) (Applewhite, 2003), has been reported to be the significant force that has strengthened some developing countries in the technology map.(Wilburn 1997; UNCTAD 2002). It is said to be the backbone for accelerating the growth of low income countries’ IT industries and it intend to increase their tendency to innovate. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding of how Linux was originated or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main aim of this paper is to gain an understanding of how Linux was originated. How it diffused from the innovator to its current position on the S curve. We attempt to achieve this by assessing its market share and the circumstances that lead to its success. ABSTRACT Linux is an operating system that originated from Unix operating system. This paper analyzes how it came about, how it was developed and diffused. It also emphasizes on the position of the innovation on the S curve, how successful the product was, its effects on the market and on the society. UNIX In order to understand the popularity of Linux, we need to travel back to 30years ago when computer use to be as big as a rock or a football stadium. While the size of those computers was a problem, one thing made it even worse. Every computer has to run on a specific operating system. Being able to work with one system does not guarantee you could work with another. Therefore, it was difficult both for the users and the system administrators. Technologically the world was not that advanced, so they had to cope with the size of the computer for another decade. In 1969, a team of developers in Bell Lab laboratories started working on solution to software problems and they developed new operating system which was (Machtelt Garrrels, 2008) simple and elegant Written in the C programming language instead of in assembly code Able to recycle code. The Bell Labs developers named their project â€Å"UNIX†. The code recycling features were important. Until then, all computers were written on a special code developed for one system. Unix on the other hand needed only a small part of that special code, which is now commonly named the Kernel. (Machtelt Garrels, 2008). The operating system and all other functions were built around this kernel and written in a higher programming language, C. This language was specifically created for the UNIX system. Using this technique, it was easier to develop an operating system that run on many different type of hardware. LINUS AND LINUX By the beginning of the 90s home PC were powerful to run on full blown UNIX (M. Tim Jones, 2005) Linus Torvalds, a computer science student at the University of Helsinki in Finland thought it would be a nice idea to have a sort of freely available academic version of UNIX, and so, he started to code. He started by developing device drivers and hard-drive access, and by September he had a basic design he called Version 0.01 (Ramesh Bangia at el, 2007). This Kernel which is called Linux was combined with the GNU system to produce a complete free operating system. Torvalds released an open source code for linux, which allow anyone to access and modify the source code at no cost (Sander Van Vugt, 2009). As a result, anyone who has the knowledge of linux can modify and change the system. Linux became most popular operating system because of its free source distribution and compatibility with other hardwares (Vijay Shekhar, 2006). How Linux was developed (Nicholas Wells, 2003) On January 5, 1992, Linux Version 0.12 was released, an improved, stable kernel. Then another Version 0.95 was released to reflect the fact that it was becoming the full-featured system. After that, Linux became an underground fact with a growing group of distributed programmers that develop and enhance the source code baseline to this day. Torvalds released Version 0.11 under a freeware license of his own plan, but then released Version 0.12 under the well established GNU General Public License and more software was created for Linux over the next couple of years (Richard L. Petersen, 2005). Linux continued to improve in the 90s and started to be used in large-scale application like networking, database serving and proving ready for production use (Richard Petersen, 2008). Version 2.2 which is a major update of Linux Kernel was released in 1999. In 2000, most computer companies supported Linux in one way or the other, recognizing a common standard that could finally reunify the fractured world of the Unix wars (Micheal H. Jang, 2003). The next major release was Version 2.4 in January 2001, which provides compatibility with upcoming generations of Intel’s 64-Bit Itanium processor computers (Micheal H. Jang, 2006). How Linux was diffused. The diffusion of an innovation is seen as a social process where the innovative idea or product is adopted as a result of the existence of different types of adopter categories (Owen, 1991). Sheth (1998) posited that the fundamental factors that, which influence the propensity to resist or adopt an innovation, are, the perceived risks associated with adopting the innovation, and the level of habit change in adopting the innovation. In reviewing the diffusion of Linux, diffusion occurred when the perceived financial and performance risks, and the changes in habit that were required to use the product were apparently low and free to a large population of consumers. Linux has a very low total cost of ownership (TCO). A survey conducted in the U.S., Brazil, France, Germany, Sweden and Japan, for instance indicated that 50% of the respondents perceived Linux having a lower TCO (N Kshetri, 2005) Consider the initial investment. The price of Microsoft’s entry-level operating system was ?50 in 2002. Taking ?300 as the average price of a PC, it amounts to 15% of the total cost of a PC. Linux, on the other hand can be freely downloaded or purchased with a nominal distribution fee. Linux’s cost saving potential is more appealing to users from developing countries. PCs with Linux as the operating system are, more attractive in developing countries. For instance, LG Electronics, the South Korean multinational sells Linux-based desktop in India at prices lower than brands using commercial operating systems (N Kshetri, 2005). Linux was easily diffused from the stage of innovators through the segments that eventually make up the majority of adopters because of its free and open source operating system. Users and developers of Linux can easily access and modify the source code at no cost. Another key factor that accelerates the diffusion of Linux is its ability to run on old machines. (Gray 2000) Linux can even run on 486 chips machine unlike Microsoft Windows XP Professional that requires a minimum of 233 MHz processor and 64 MB of RAM. This advantage of Linux is more important for users in developing countries. In many cities and regions, local associations known as the Linux User Groups (LUGs) helps to diffuse this free software. They hold meetings and provide free demonstrations, training, technical support and operating system installation to new users. (Erricos John, et al 2002) stated that the adoption of Linux was due to the social network composed of innovators, early adopters, early majority†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦and diffusion in this case could be social backbone that lowers the risk of using this innovation. The rate of diffusion has risen from the innovators to the late majority as shown in the diffusion curve. (See fig 1). Where the Original funding did came from? After the release of Linux by Linus Torvalds, the source code was made available on the internet for anyone who wants to develop the software. The innovator neither forms a spin out company nor sells the idea. The source code was made available on the internet and developers started developing new versions of Linux. What happened about the IPRWas the innovation patented? Linux was developed as a cooperative Open Source effort over the internet. So no company or institution has control over it. Most Linux software is developed as Open Source software. This means that the source code is freely distributed along with the application (Richard Petersen, 2007). Programmers over the internet contribute to a software package development by modifying and correcting the source code. Linux is an open source operating system. Its source code is included in all distribution and is freely available on the internet (Aries Technology Inc, 2003-2007). There are other major software projects that are open source, for instance KDE and GNOME. The Netscape Communicator Web browser package has also become open source, with its source code freely available on internet (Neil Smyth, 2010). Open source software is protected by public licenses. These prevent commercial companies from taking control of open source software by adding a few modifications, copyrighting those changes and selling the software as their own product. The most popular public license is the GNU General Public License provided by the free software foundation. This is the license that Linux is distributed under (Dr Mukesh Dhunna et al, 2010). The GNU General Public License retains the copyright, freely licensing the software with the note that the software and modification made to it will always be freely available. However, there are other public license created to support different kinds of open source projects, for instance the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) lets commercial application uses GNU licensed software libraries. Linux is currently copyrighted under the GNU public license provided by the free software foundation, and it is often referred to as GNU software. GNU software is distributed free, provided it is freely distributed to others. Why is Linux Successful? Linus operating system for servers and PCs has really gained ground. It is now pushed by big firms such as IBM, Intel, HP, and Dell and is used by large companies like DaimlerChrysler and Morgan Stanley. It open architecture makes it compatible to run on any computer architecture: in the hand-held ARM-based iPAQ and the mainframe IBM system z9, system z10, in devices ranging from mobile phones to supercomputers (Graham Glass et al, 2005). The cost of production is relatively low, because it can be downloaded off the web for free. Because the source code is widely available on the net, developers all around the world can contribute freely on any development or improvement of the programme. This represents an investment in time and people than ever a cash-flush giant as Microsoft cannot match. Linux operating system is highly reliable and secured which makes it difficult for worms to attack (http://www.desktoplinux.com/news/NS6909870737.html ) However, the real success for Linux came from its backing from the major computer manufacturers, who want to use it as a competitive tool against Microsoft (Eric Viardot, 2004 ). For instance, Linux got a big boost when Intel unfastened its close association with Microsoft and started producing chips for Linux. Such backing is seen as a commitment to the long-term of this operating software by major corporations, which desperately needed freedom from the Microsoft monopoly. Effects of Linux on the Market The Linux market is growing rapidly, and the revenue of servers, desktops and packaged software running Linux was expected to go beyond ?22.2 billion in 2008. A report from IDC’s Q1 2007 financial report shows that Linux held a total of 12.7% of the overall sever market at that time (IDC Q1 2007 report). However, this estimate is based on the number of servers sold by various companies, and did not include server hardware purchased separately which had Linux installed on it later. In September 2008, Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer acknowledged that 60% of web servers run Linux versus 40% that run windows server (Nicholai James, 2008). Primarily based on web server statistics, most companies estimated that the market share of Linux range from less than 1% to 4.8%. In comparison, Microsoft operating system hold more than 85% (Beer Stan, 2007). The emerge of Linux did not kill its competitors (Microsoft, Mac Operating System) rather it encourages innovation in the technological industry. â€Å"In the second half of 2003, linux sales in the Chinese PC market exceed 800,000 copies. Similarly, in November 2003, Sun announced a deal to sell 200 million copies of Linux-based Java desktop to the Chinese government to be use throughout the country. China’s Linux market grew by 27.1% in 2005 and the Chinese research IT firm predicted an annual growth rate of 49.3% from 2005-2009 for the Chinese Linux server software market† (N Kshetri, 2007). Linux has also made huge success in the film industry. Titanic was the first major film produced on Linux server in 1997. Since then, major studios including Dreamworks Animation, Pixar, Weta Digital, and Industrial Light Magic have migrated to Linux. According to the Linux Movies Group, more than 95% of the servers and desktops at large animation and visual effects companies use Linux (http://www.linuxmovies.org/). The Effect of Linux on the Society. Linux created a lasting impact in the technological industries. Linux has been the primary source of technological innovations originated for and used in developing countries (N Kshetri, 2007). For instance, Encore software of India has design a handheld internet appliance, Simputer, based on Linux. At a cost of below ?150, Simputer provides internet and email access in local languages; micro banking applications; speech recognition and text-to-speech conversion. Computador Popular (Popular Computers) in Brazil that costs less than ?200 runs Linux. Computador is an internet appliance without a floppy or a hard disk and features many attributes in a moderately-price PC (N Kshetri, 2007). Consumers can also buy inexpensive hard disk and other accessories. Due to its low cost of ownership and open source operating system available, it has help users mostly in the developing countries to lay hand on a computer of their own and create room for developers to be more creative. Conclusion The development of Linux came at the right time. The innovation resulted from a need pull. Before the invention of Linux operating system, every computer runs on separate operating system which makes it very difficult for developers because they had to write different programs for different operating system. Linus Torvalds wrote the source code for Linux and made it available on the web. The operating system is registered under GNU which made it possible for anyone to improve on it. The low cost of ownership and open source operating system accelerates the diffusion of the innovation. However, due to its availability to run on any other operating system (new/old), it dominated the market share of the technological industries. From my point of view, Linux is highly dominated in Asia and Africa because of its low cost. ABSTRACT Linux is an operating system that originated from Unix operating system. This paper analyzes how it came about, how it was developed and diffused. It also emphasizes on the position of the innovation on the S curve, how successful the product was, its effects on the market and on the society. INTRODUDCTION Linux, the flagship of open source software (OOS) (Applewhite, 2003), has been reported to be the significant force that has strengthened some developing countries in the technology map.(Wilburn 1997; UNCTAD 2002). It is said to be the backbone for accelerating the growth of low income countries’ IT industries and it intend to increase their tendency to innovate. The main aim of this paper is to gain an understanding of how Linux was originated. How it diffused from the innovator to its current position on the S curve. We attempt to achieve this by assessing its market share and the circumstances that lead to its success. REFERENCES 1Machtelt Garrels, 2008. Introduction to Linux, A Hands on Guide. 2M.Tim Jones, 2005. GNU/Linux application Programming. 3Ramesh Bangia, Balvir Singh, Ramesh Bangia, 2007. Operating System and Software Diagnostics. 4Sander Van Vugt, 2009. Beginning the Linux Command Line. 5Vijay Shekhar, 2006. Red Hat Linux- The Complete Bible. 6Nicholas Wells, 2003. Guide to Linux installation and administration. 7Richard L. Petersen, 2005. Red Hat Enterprise Linux Fedora Core 4 8Richard L. Petersen, 2008. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5: Administration Security Desktop. 9Micheal H. Jang, 2003. Mastering Red Hat Linux 9. 10 N Kshetri, 2005. Diffusion Pattern of Linux: An Assessment on Major Technology Dimensions 11 Gray F. Douglas, 2000. ‘Low Cost Gives Linux Appeal, Say Supporters at Comdex’, IDG News Service, November 13, http://www.idg.net/idgns/2000/11/13/COMDEXLowCostGivesLinux.shtml 12 Erricos John Kontoghiorghes, Stavros Siokos, 2002. Computational method in decision-making, economics and finance. 13 Aries Technology Inc, 2003-2007. Aries Linux Essentials. 14 Neil Smyth, 2010. Ubuntu 10.10 Essentials. 15 N Kshetri, 2007. Increasing Returns and the Diffusion of Linux in China. 16 Dr Mukesh Dhunna, J. B. Dixit, 2010. Information Technology in Business Management. 17 Graham Glass, King Ables, 2005. Linux for Programmers and Users. 18 Erick Viardot, 2004. Successful Marketing Strategy for high-tech firms, Volume 5. 19 IDC Q1 2007 report. Linux-watch.com2007-05-2009 20 Nicholai James, 2008. Ballmer Still Searching for an Answer to Google. http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/151568/ballmer_still_searching_for_an_answer_to_google.html 21 Beer Stan, 2007. Vista to play second fiddle to Xp until 2009 22 http://www.linuxmovies.org/ How to cite Understanding of how Linux was originated, Essay examples

Effects of Job Stress on Job Satisfaction-Free-Samples for Students

Question: What are the effects of this Job Stress, in particular, on Job Satisfaction? And how can these effects be prevented? Answer: Introduction This essay focuses on the effect of work intensification and an analysis of how job stress relates to job satisfaction. In addition, remedies are provided regarding how the effects of job stress can be prevented. Basing on the modern world, the innovative technology, consumer demands and the extension in the market for competitors experience a continuous growth (Li, Hu, Zhou, He, Fan, Liu, Zhang, Li and Sun, 2014 pp.10). For this reason, several institutions shift their content constantly and they get deeper to work for the development of the organization. If the organizations wish to succeed, the employees are required to be flexible and adaptable to the rapid changes experienced in the working environment (Hoboubi, Choobineh, Ghanavati, Keshavarzi and Hosseini, 2017 pp.68). The issue resulted in an intensification of work and heavy workload which slowly leads to job stress, and affects the employees job satisfaction. Discussion Job stress refers to the destructive emotions and the physical responses which are associated with the job qualifications, for instance, if there lack a match of the individual abilities, the employees needs, or the resources. Job stress results from injuries as well as poor health. On the other hand, job satisfaction can be defined in various diverse ways. Some individuals perceive that job satisfaction is the content that an individual has in regard to their work (Taylor,2017, (n.d)). In simple words, if they like their job, the facets associated with the job as well as the individual factors which include supervision or the nature of the job. Zablah, Carlson, Donavan, Maxham III, and Brown, 2016 outlines the cause of job satisfaction. For instance, for an employee to be satisfied they must be fit for the job in terms of qualifications, environment, and salary demands. In case the personality traits of an individual do not fit the job or organization they are prone to experience job stress (Zablah, Carlson, Donavan, Maxham III, and Brown, 2016 pp.743). Also, if there is misguide regarding the individual perceptions about a certain job they are prone to experience job stress as well. There individuals should minimize the overload of emotional labor to avoid job stress and acquire job satisfaction. The job stress and job satisfaction are related. From the theoretical perspective, the theory of person-environment indicates that stress occurs due to the individual fit or rather misfit with the surrounding. For instance, an individual may experience stress when trying to cope and also induce their defense mechanisms at work (Burchell, Hudson, Ladipo, Mankelow Nolan,1999, (n.d)). Various studies have been conducted which reveals that job stress correlates to the job satisfaction hence the productivity levels of the employees are impacted. Job stress matters to the stakeholders, employees, and to the managers of the institutions. It is a difficult term which has various definitions, and its effects on job satisfaction can be explored using various theoretical models. The cognitive theory focuses on stress, coping with job stress, and it views stress as the friction which arises between an employee and their working environment. The cognitive theory provides resources as significant factors in the organization which may cause job stress (Bemana, Moradi, Ghasemi, Taghavi and Ghayoor, 2013 pp.235). The theory suggests that if the needs of the employees are more than the available resources, then stress is bound to occur. The affective job satisfaction is defined as the individual emotional view about the entire task. The demand-control model developed by Karasek assumes that psychological strain is an effect of job stress which impacts job satisfaction. Clearly, there a is psychological strain which impacts the decision-m aking of an employee. The model of the effort-reward imbalance indicates that stress may arise if there is a mismatch between the employees high commitment and low rewards (Yaacob and Long, 2015. Pp.81). The low rewards may include low salaries, no promotion, and no recognition at workplace. For this reason, employees may lack the motivation to work harder in fear that they will not be rewarded. Other factors that are associated with job stress are workload, disturbances in the working environment, career development, and the role of conflicts. Clearly, the employees determine the production level of every organization (Usman, Akbar and Ramzan, 2013 pp.71). The organization may still have low productivity levels regardless of high capital, or latest technology in the organization if the employees are not satisfied. Therefore, due to job stress, the employees have a low intellectual happiness which is followed by poor health (Bakker and Demerouti, 2014 pp.10). At the same time, the j ob stress encourages absenteeism of employee with no good reasons. Various scholars confirm that the turnover rate of institutions is determined by the employee satisfaction and the levels of job stress. Job stress may affect the events and the purposes of various institutions. This is because the job pressures may impact the employees performance as outlined in this paper. Disagreements may arise in the case of job stress hence conflicts occur. Employees realize they have dragged in various events and they struggle to position themselves to understand the role of conflict in the organization. Also, conflicts occur as the employees want to achieve satisfaction but the job stress causes challenging demands which do not match from one employee to the other. Employees encounter stress through competition, mass retrenchment, uncertainty about the future outlook of the organization, and due to the advances in the technology (Allisey, Noblet, Lamontagne and Houdmont, 2014 pp.755). Employees have to cope with the competitive nature and therefore they spend time struggling with the job obligations hence negative effects are experienced in their personal, social and domestic life. Therefore, the employees develop physical and mental health issues due to the dissatisfaction at the workplace (Fila, Paik, Griffeth and Allen, 2014 pp.642). At the same time, the employees may impact the customers if they experience job stress. This is because the employees will lower the quality of their services to the customers hence customer satisfaction reduces. Therefore, the employers need to recognize the stressors in the organization that causes the outlined negative impacts to the organization. If the job stress decreases, the employees and the customers will be satisfied hence the organization will benefit in terms of productivity. There are various ways in which the effects of job stress may be prevented, especially on job satisfaction. First, the organizations should do several things to help the employees cope with technological advances hence minimize the job stress. Organizations should create the focus groups for the employees. The organizations will create the groups by selecting random staff from the departments where they are given an opportunity to express their experiences as well as opinions concerning the institution. Training should be provided concerning the new structures and advances in technologies to minimize their resistance to changes and increase their competence (Charoensukmongkol, 2014 pp.345). The managers should ensure that the changes are implemented chronologically. The chronological approach is also called the step by step method where employees are exposed to problems slowly hence the managers have ample time to provide solutions to the problems before the systems are implemented i n the organization. The employees should ignore the poor habits which facilitate to job stress. They can resist perfectionism by setting the realistic goals where they can perform best. They may also find humor in various situations to overcome job stress. Employees should be proactive basing on the duties by presenting their concern to the employers (Cicolini, Comparcini and Simonetti, 2014 pp.860). At the same time, employees should organize as well as prioritize their job by managing their time well hence reduce the job stress. Also, employees need to take leaves and enhance good relationships with others to minimize conflicts within the institutions. In case of poor health, employees should exercise and take a balanced diet to reduce job stress. On the other hand, the managers should do various things to increase the job satisfaction for the employees and minimize the job stress. First, the managers should consult their employees before implementing several processes within the organization. This provides opportunities for the employees to take part in decision-making and also the conflicts are managed positively. The managers should clarify the expectations within the institutions. This step can be achieved by sharing the information with the staff to minimize the uncertainty levels. They may also define the goals, roles as well as responsibilities for the employees. Finally, they may issue incentives and rewards as a way of recognizing their employees. This step can be achieved if the managers respect the staff, offer good salaries, and praise the good performance. In addition, the managers should exercise fair deals with the employees to enhance their satisfaction. Conclusion In conclusion, this essay explores the effects of job stress on job satisfaction and the preventive measures which can be offered. Job stress determines the levels of motivation of the employees in the organizations. Job stress may have a great impact even to the community due to the low productivity of the organization. The career development, the role of conflict, absenteeism, low productivity, low reward, workload, and disturbances in the working environment are the significant effects of jobs stress as outlined in this essay. Therefore, the employees and the managers are obliged to offer preventive measures to minimize job stress and enhance job satisfaction. Various theories and models such as the cognitive theory, person-environment theory, demand-control model, and the model of the effort-reward imbalance have been used in the essay to explain the relationship which exists between job stress and job satisfaction. The recommendations are that employers and employees should iden tify the factors of optimization which impacts the job stress as well as job satisfaction. Employers need to support their employees and also employ those who fit their abilities and the expertise. Exact definitions should be provid4ed regarding the jobs. Finally, the employers should ensure that the employees have the best working environment in terms of structures, clean environments with fewer disturbances to minimize stress and increase the job satisfaction. Bibliography Li, L., Hu, H., Zhou, H., He, C., Fan, L., Liu, X., Zhang, Z., Li, H. and Sun, T., 2014. Work stress, work motivation and their effects on job satisfaction in community health workers: a cross-sectional survey in China.BMJ open,4(6), p.e004897. Hoboubi, N., Choobineh, A., Ghanavati, F.K., Keshavarzi, S. and Hosseini, A.A., 2017. The Impact of Job Stress and Job Satisfaction on Workforce Productivity in an Iranian Petrochemical Industry.Safety and health at work,8(1), pp.67-71. Taylor,D. (2017,March 1). Insecure, stressed, and Underemployed: The Daily reality for millions of Australians.ABC News[Australia]. Burchell,B., Hudson,M., Ladipo,D., Mankelow,R., Nolan,J. (1999, August). Job insecurity and Work intensification.Joseph Rowntree Foundation[NY]. Bemana, S., Moradi, H., Ghasemi, M., Taghavi, S.M. and Ghayoor, A.H., 2013. The relationship among job stress and job satisfaction in municipality personnel in Iran.World Applied Sciences Journal,22(2), pp.233-238. Yaacob, M. and Long, C.S., 2015. Role of occupational stress on job satisfaction.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(2 S1), p.81. Usman, S., Akbar, M.T. and Ramzan, D.M., 2013. Effect of salary and stress on job satisfaction of teachers in district Sialkot, Pakistan.IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS),15(2), pp.68-74. Bakker, A.B. and Demerouti, E., 2014. Job demandsresources theory.Wellbeing. Allisey, A.F., Noblet, A.J., Lamontagne, A.D. and Houdmont, J., 2014. Testing a model of officer intentions to quit: the mediating effects of job stress and job satisfaction.Criminal Justice and Behavior,41(6), pp.751-771. Fila, M.J., Paik, L.S., Griffeth, R.W. and Allen, D., 2014. Disaggregating job satisfaction: Effects of perceived demands, control, and support.Journal of Business and Psychology,29(4), pp.639-649. Charoensukmongkol, P., 2014. Effects of support and job demands on social media use and work outcomes.Computers in Human Behavior,36, pp.340-349. Cicolini, G., Comparcini, D. and Simonetti, V., 2014. Workplace empowerment and nurses' job satisfaction: A systematic literature review.Journal of Nursing Management,22(7), pp.855-871. Zablah, A.R., Carlson, B.D., Donavan, D.T., Maxham III, J.G. and Brown, T.J., 2016. A cross-lagged test of the association between customer satisfaction and employee job satisfaction in a relational context.Journal of Applied Psychology,101(5), p.743.